Out-patient visits for gastrointestinal cancer at a quaternary South African hospital-trends and geospatial distribution

BackgroundThis study sought to determine trends in out-patient visits for gastrointestinal cancer (GC) at a quaternary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa; and identify geographical regions which contribute most to GC-related out-patient clinic utilization at this hospital.MethodData for GC-related outpatient visits over an 11-year period was obtained from the hospital''s administrative database. Trends were analyzed using simple regression and trend line analyses. Patient residential postal codes from the administrative database were used to determine the geospatial distribution of complex GC in KZN.ResultsStrong increasing trends in GC-related out-patient visits were noted for age >65 years old (R²=0.8014), male (R²=0.7020), female (R²=0.7292), lower GC (R²=0.7094), and rural residence (R²=0.7008). Moderate increasing trends in GC-related out-patient visits were noted for age ≤65 years old (R²=0.6556), upper GC (R²=0.6498), and urban residence (R²=0.6988). The magnitude at which the number of out-patient visits increased was greater for urban residence when compared with rural residence (p=0.006). Urban centers and some regions along the North and South coast of KZN contributed the most toward GC-related out-patient visits.ConclusionOut-patient visits for complex GC in KZN are increasing. Several regions have been identified for anti-cancer interventions and decentralized out-patient services.     

The Influence of Training on New Army Recruits’ Energy and Macronutrient Intakes and Performance: A Systematic Literature Review

BackgroundNew army recruits undertake initial training to develop their skillset and physical and mental preparedness for military service. Recruits experience a range of stressors both physical and psychological, often at extremes, and in combination. These stressors place recruits at risk of suboptimal energy and macronutrient intakes, which may negatively influence their performance.ObjectiveThe objectives of this systematic literature review are to examine, against the Military Recommended Dietary Intakes (MRDIs), the energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intakes of army recruits and trainees undertaking initial training internationally, and identify any associated influence on their performance.DesignA systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Information sources were searched from their inception until May 2019.Main outcome measuresOutcome data included dietary intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat before, during, and/or after army initial training, as well as measures of physical fitness and performance. A custom tool was used to assess the quality of included studies.ResultsThe results of 14 studies were synthesized. Six were conducted in the United States and four in each of Australia and Israel. Average energy intake represented 69% to 120% of the MRDIs before training commencement, 69% to 106% of the MRDIs in the early weeks of training and 56% to 77% of the MRDIs in the later weeks of training. Average carbohydrate and protein intakes represented 49% to 121% and 64% to 143% of the MRDIs, respectively, across the various time points. Three studies measured physical fitness and/or performance outcomes, with one showing a significant improvement in push-up performance when extra protein was provided.ConclusionsThe novel findings of this systematic literature review are that army recruits, internationally, are likely to be underconsuming energy for extended periods of their initial training, with greater deficits in carbohydrate intake compared with other macronutrients. Only a handful of studies investigated the subsequent influents on performance, with no definitive conclusions drawn in most instances. Further research is needed to understand the influence of suboptimal dietary intake on military relevant performance indicators to help better inform key stakeholders when devising nutrition guidance and strategies for army recruits in the future.     

多院区综合医院应对新冠肺炎救治策略研究

大型多院区综合医院一般都具有较强的空间集中性、人口密集性和影响辐射性,在新发重大传染病暴发的情况下,大型多院区综合性医院必然成为新发重大传染病救治的前沿部门和关键环节,其救治策略直接对新发重大传染病的最后结果造成很大的影响。以泰州市某三甲多院区综合医院救治新冠肺炎为例,总结出多院区综合医院"集中患者、集中专家、集中资源和集中救治"的管理策略,供相关单位参考借鉴。     

Interventions Used for Reducing Readmissions for Surgical Site Infections

Abstract

This article examines what hospitals can do to reduce readmissions for surgical site infections (SSI). Realizing that CMS does not pay the hospital for readmissions due to SSI, strategies must be put into place to reduce the number of readmissions. The analysis here will examine what has been done in the hospital, then, ways to assess each patients risk for SSI upon leaving the hospital. Finally, providing some interventions for reducing SSIs. Introducing the concept of “visiting practitioner.”     

奥密克戎变异株流行期间上海某大型综合医院集中过渡病房管理实践

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情爆发以来,严重影响了群众的正常工作、生活以及就医诊疗。奥密克戎毒株现已成为主要流行株,由于其传播力更强,且早期多以无症状感染者为主,极易造成人群中大面积播散,给疫情防控带来巨大挑战。2022年3月以来,上海地区发生新冠病毒奥密克戎亚型毒株大流行,为解决患者住院就诊需求,同时做好疫情防控,控制院内感染,某大型三甲医院创新性开设院内集中过渡病房,病房运行期间,各项工作井然有序开展,极大缓解专科病房压力,且住院患者和医务人员均未发生新冠肺炎院内感染。现将我院开展集中过渡病房的筹备、运行、管理等各项工作进行总结,为公立医院在疫情下开展该项工作提供方法指导和参考。     

我国公立医院成本效率研究进展(2014—2018年)

应用内容分析法对医疗成本效率测量方法进行梳理,采用关键词共现和聚类分析法探讨2014—2018年共五年来我国医院成本效率的研究热点和重点领域。结果表明,2014—2018年国内关于医院效率的研究创新性相对不足,主要表现在效率概念混淆和边界不清、研究方法相对单一、研究内容局限、研究对象样本量有限、研究成果指导意义不足等方面。最后提出了加强我国医院效率研究的具体建议。     

刚果（金）维和任务区52例隐翅虫皮炎的调查和临床治疗

目的 调查研究刚果（金）维和任务区隐翅虫皮炎患者的发病特点、行为因素及临床治疗情况,为科学防控隐翅虫皮炎提供有效依据。方法 选择2018年5月—2020年4月在刚果（金）维和任务区中国二级医院临床诊断的52例隐翅虫皮炎患者为研究对象,对患者的一般资料、行为因素及临床特征进行流行病学调查,并分析药物的临床疗效。结果 刚果（金）任务区的隐翅虫皮炎具有明显的季节性,每年自10月起发病数逐渐增多,次年1—3月为高峰期。患者驻地主要分布在郊区,有50例（96.15%）,多见于户外工作者,为48例（92.3%）, 其中白天有明确隐翅虫接触史者21例（40.4%）,夜间开窗就寝者20例（38.5%）,夜间开荧光灯就寝者16例（30.8%）,未使用纱窗者18例（34.6%）,就寝时四肢裸露者15例（28.9%）,所有患者未使用蚊帐、驱蚊剂及防护服。颈部、前臂为最容易发生的部位;皮损主要呈斑片状红斑分布（80.77%）,并可见特征性条索状或“吻唇样”改变。患者自觉烧灼痛（88.46%）,少数为瘙痒感（11.54%）。常规予以5%碳酸氢钠溶液擦洗,口服抗组胺药、外用炉甘石洗剂、抗生素联合糖皮质激素软膏是有效治疗手段。对于眶周受累患者,口服强的松,用丁苯羟酸乳膏,获得良好效果。结论 掌握隐翅虫皮炎的流行病学特点,增强二级医院医护人员对隐翅虫皮炎的认识水平,准确识别临床特征,有助于早期诊断并选择合适的治疗方案。     

BIM技术在医院建设与运维管理中的应用与设想

医院建筑功能复杂,改造工程工期紧张,如何能够借助BIM技术更好地实现医院、设计单位、施工单位协同工作、加快推进工程进度、提高管理效率成为亟待解决的问题。北京协和医院西单院区北楼改造工程在设计与实施过程中,以问题为导向,借助BIM技术进行设计、施工、运维管理,最终解决医院改造项目中的棘手难题。结合BIM技术优势与特点,提出该技术在医院运维管理中应用的设想。     

肿瘤专科医院放疗患者新冠疫情期间的防控管理CSCD

新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情对肿瘤患者的常规诊疗造成影响。由于肿瘤患者免疫力低,为病毒易感人群,且预后差,特别是放疗患者需每天往返于病房与放疗机房之间,增加了病毒的感染机会,应是疫情防治的重点对象。我院作为肿瘤专科医院,在疫情暴发期间,做到了防控与收治两不误。在医院感控办指导下,成立院级及科级防控小组,采取一系列防控管理措施,如标准化培训及物理空间区域的划分、规范收治及放疗流程、可跟踪式闭环管理及人文关怀等。我院处在中国疫情最为严重的武汉,放疗中心在接诊患者的2月内,做到了患者及工作人员零感染,有效地防范了新冠肺炎,确保了放疗患者的安全及正常治疗。